ICT
q What is ICT: Information and Communications Technology ( ICT ) refers to Technologies that provides access to Information through Telecommunications . It is similar to Information
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Other examples of system software and what each does
· The BIOS (basic input/output system) gets the computer system started after you turn it on and manages the data flow between the operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk , video adapter , keyboard , mouse , and printer . · The boot program loads the operating system into the computer's main memory or random access memory ( RAM ). · An assembler takes basic computer instructions
TUTORIAL ON POWER ON SELF TEST CONTINUES..............
(In early BIOSes, POST did not organize or select boot devices, it simply identified floppy or hard disks, which the system would try to boot in that order, always.) The BIOS begins its POST when the CPU is reset. The first memory location the CPU tries to execute is known as the reset vector . In the case of a hard reboot , the northbridge will direct this code fetch (request) to the BIOS located on the system flash memory . For a warm boot , the BIOS will be located in the proper place in RAM and the northbridge will direct the reset vector call to the RAM. (In earlier PC systems, before chipsets were standard, the BIOS ROM would be located at an address range that included the reset vector, and BIOS ran directly out of ROM. This is why the motherboard BIOS ROM is in segment F000 in the conventional memory map.) During the POST
A power-on self-test (POST)
A power-on self-test ( POST ) is a process performed by firmware or software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on. This article mainly deals with personal computers, but many other embedded systems such as those in major appliances, avionics , communications, or medical equipment also have self-test routines which are automatically invoked at power-on. The results of the POST may be displayed on a panel that is part of the device, output to an external device, or stored for future retrieval by a diagnostic tool. Since a self-test might detect that the system's usual human-readable display is non-functional, an indicator lamp or a speaker may be provided to show error codes as a sequence of flashes or beeps. In addition to running tests, the POST process may also set the initial state of the device from firmware. In the case of a computer, the POST routines are part of a device's pre-boot sequen